The Challenges of Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Recent Advancements in Antibiotic Treatment

Description:,Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) constitute the most common cause of death among all hospital-acquired gram-negative infections. Antimicrobial resistance, particularly in gram-negative organisms, remains a serious public health concern and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the hospital setting. Complications associated with both HAP and VAP are significant and, when compounded with antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative organisms, create treatment challenges within health systems. Differences between newly approved and emerging therapies for HAP/VAP and targeted strategies to integrate novel treatment options into antimicrobial stewardship programs are important considerations for pharmacists. Recent antimicrobial developments add to the armamentarium of treatment options for combating multidrug-resistant pathogens, and pharmacists can work with the health care team to ensure appropriate stewardship of these agents. Familiarity with optimal antibiotic drug regimens, doses, duration of therapy, and routes of administration for patients with HAP/VAP are important tactics pharmacists can use to integrate these agents into an institution’s formulary and ensure appropriate use. This activity will equip pharmacists to support inclusion of newly approved pharmacologic agents into antimicrobial stewardship efforts with proper utilization.,Educational Objectives:,At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:,• Explain the burden of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) along with the associated challenges of antimicrobial resistance on health systems and patient outcomes,• Examine newly approved antibiotic treatments indicated for multidrug-resistant HAP/VAP,• Identify the pharmacist’s role in the management of patients with HAP and VAP and strategies for integrating new agents into an effective antimicrobial stewardship program