New Targets and Treatment for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Description:,Several underlying mechanisms are involved in the systemic inflammation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated comorbidities, including anemia. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system plays a central role in CKD and has emerged as a treatment target. Though several guidelines on the management of anemia in CKD are available, most have not been recently updated, and ideal recommendations for the management of anemia in CKD vary widely. Current standard treatment for anemia in CKD includes intravenous iron supplementation and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents; however, the focus is now on inhibiting the HIF pathway with the new and emerging HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which are oral formulations. This module will provide pharmacists with a review of clinical data for recently approved and investigational HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, with a focus on key educational points for administration considerations, management of adverse effects, and clinical pearls for the transition of patients with anemia in CKD from intravenous to oral therapies.,Educational Objectives:,At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:,• Illustrate the pathophysiology of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and emerging targets,• Analyze the clinical data for the emerging HIF-PHIs for anemia treatment in CKD,• Adapt guideline updates and current clinical data into alternative treatment strategies