Interpretation of PaO₂ & PaCO₂ on the ABG
English
Recorded Courses
hosted by Acadoodle
hosted by Acadoodle
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Therapy, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy
Cardiology, Respiratory Therapy
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Interpretation of PaO? & PaCO? on the ABG is organized by Acadoodle.,,Release date: 12-Jan-2021,Expiration date: 11-Jan-2024,,Target Audience:,• Physicians,• Nurses,• Nurse Practitioners,• Physician Assistants,• Paramedics,,Overview:,In this course, we show you how analysis of the PaO2 in the context of the A-a gradient can help you avoid critical errors in clinical practice. In order to adopt this approach to arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, certain concepts must first be understood. We begin by explaining how, in response to CO2 produced during metabolism, brainstem centres control the level of alveolar ventilation. We explain how this establishes a strict relationship between the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), the PaO2, the arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) and the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli (PAO2). We show you how the relationship between these key parameters is described by the alveolar gas equation. We teach you how to use this equation to calculate the PAO2 and the actual A-a gradient present in a patient based on values reported on the ABG. We explain the nature of, and factors contributing to the normal A-a gradient. You will learn how to calculate the predicted appropriate A-a gradient for a patient of a given age on a given level of inspired oxygen. In a series of case studies, we then illustrate how an understanding of the A-a gradient helps us avoid misdiagnosis in practice and allows us to detect problems in patients on oxygen therapy. We also explain two important, commonly misused terms in respiratory medicine, hypoventilation and hyperventilation. We explain the difference between, and the identification of type I and type II respiratory failure.,,Course Content:,• Introduction,• Control of Respiration,• The Alveolar Gas Equation,• VQ Mismatch & the Physiological Shunt,• The Expected A-a Gradient,???????• Elevation of the A-a Gradient in Disease,???????• Elevation of the A-a Gradient: ABG Findings,???????• Hypoventilation,???????• Some Key Terms,???????• Case Examples - PaO?,???????• Respiratory Failure,???????• Case Examples - Respiratory Failure,???????• Quiz,???????• Quiz Explanation,Learning Objectives:,Upon successful completion of this activity, you will be able to:,• Explain the nature of the normal A-a gradient,• Explain the mechanisms by which disease affects the A-a gradient,• Calculate the A-a gradient appropriate to a patients age and level of inspired oxygen ,• Interpret the PaO2 in terms of the degree of alveolar ventilation and in the presence of oxygen therapy,• Use appropriate analysis of the PaO2 to identify unsuspected pathology ,• Avoid clinical error when interpreting the PaO2 and PaCO2 on an ABG result ,• Explain the terms, hypoventilation and hyperventilation and explain the difference between type I and type II respiratory failure, thereby allowing you communicate effectively with colleagues