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Statistics 4 Clinicians: What Do We Need to Know?
![TRUST Research Center](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoatconnect-files.s3.amazonaws.com%2FDev%2FThumb-80f0a502-0967-4173-b7a6-1676051a3147-logo%2520small%2520size.jpg%3FAWSAccessKeyId%3DAKIAJTMHAFAXQLGGIHMA%26Expires%3D1714920323%26Signature%3DjpS8Fx7rSothQ4OzyLfrklnRgsg%253D&w=3840&q=75)
S4C is a 24-hours course intended to give clinicians the tool to understand indications, limits and proper interpretation of the most commonly used statistical analysis. It will be of significant help for a proper understanding of the literature and in choosing the appropriate test for your own studies. Participants will have their hands on SPSS to execute every test and learn the proper interpretation of its outputs.
SD, SEM, confidence intervals, P value, Chi-square and Student’s tests.
A) Expressing biological data and testing hypothesis:
- Mean, standard deviation, tankard error of mean
- The Normal distribution
- The confidence intervals of a subject
- The confidence intervals of mean
- The P value and the value of P
Application: Hands on SPSS, Testing normality, online calculators: confidence interval of a proportion
B) Testing the significance of association of 2 qualitative variables:
- Chi-square test,
- Corrected Chi-square
- Fisher’s exact test.
Application: Hands on SPSS.
C) Comparison of 2 means:
- Student’s test.
Application: Hands on SPSS, use of student’s table to calculate the confidence intervals of a small sample.
One-way ANOVA, Post Hoc analysis, correlation coefficient, simple
regression, paired tests.
D) Analysis of the distribution of means among multiple groups:
- One-Way ANOVA and post-Hoc tests
- ANOVA versus multiple t-tests, which to choose?
Application: Hands on SPSS: post hoc analysis, choosing the appropriate test. How to compensate for the inflation of risk of error?
E) Testing the significance of associate of 2 quantitative variables:
- The coefficient of correlation (r)
- Simple regression
Application: Hands on SPSS, can we calculate a confidence interval for r?
F) The paired design:
- Indications, conditions of application, power and limitations.
- Paired Student’s test
- McNemar test (paired Chi-square)
- Calculation of sample size of a paired design.
Application: Hands on SPSS, testing interaction.
non-parametric tests, time to event studies and multivariate analysis.
G) Distribution-free tests
- Indications, conditions of application, power and limitations
- The Mann and Whitney test
Application: Hands on SPSS, comparison of results obtained with parametric versus non-parametric (distribution-free) tests.
H) Time to events studies
- Indications, conditions of application, power and limitations..
- Kaplan Meier method.
- The Log-rank test
Application: hands on SPSS, how to read and interpret a Kaplan-Meier curve?
I) Choosing the appropriate bivariate statistical test: a practical algorithm
J) Common indices of trial outcomes (3 hours):
- Relative and absolute risks,
- Odds ratio,
- Number needed to treat,
- Se, Sp, PPV, NPV,
- ROC analysis.
The multivariate analysis
K) Introduction and general equation.
L) Indications, conditions of application, power and limitations.
M) Multiple regression analysis.
N) Logistic regression analysis.
O) Cox proportional hazard.