Management of Hepatorenal Syndrome-Acute Kidney Injury (HRS-AKI): Pharmacist-Led Strategies for Optimizing Clinical and Patient Outcomes

Description:,Hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) is a rapidly progressive renal dysfunction that typically occurs in patients with advanced liver disease. The exact pathophysiology of HRS is not clearly understood and its exact incidence is unknown. However, recent publications report that there are approximately 14,000 cases in the United States, and it is associated with high mortality rates. Robust evidence suggests that progression of HRS-AKI can be reversed with the administration of appropriate pharmacologic agents and supportive care. Pharmacists can help improve patient outcomes and address treatment gaps through early identification of risk factors for AKI and HRS and assessing use of medications that can cause AKI. As medication experts, pharmacists can collaborate with the multidisciplinary team to provide recommendations on selection of appropriate agents for managing HRS-AKI, necessary dose adjustments, monitor for response to therapy, and assess any potential safety concerns. This activity will review emerging evidence-based treatment recommendations on HRS-AKI to equip pharmacists with the tools needed to optimize therapy to improve patient outcomes.,Educational Objectives:,At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:,• Explore the clinical burden, risk factors, new classification, and pathological characteristics of hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI),• Examine the safety and efficacy of current and emerging therapies for HRS-AKI and updated diagnostic criteria,• Identify the role of the pharmacist in treatment strategies for HRS-AKI and key considerations in optimal management for improved patient outcomes